TY - CONF T1 - Caring Through Data: Attending to the Social and Emotional Experiences of Health Datafication T2 - Proceedings of the 2017 ACM Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing (CSCW'17) Y1 - 2017 A1 - Kaziunas, Elizabeth A1 - Ackerman, Mark S. A1 - Lindtner, Silvia A1 - Lee, Joyce M. KW - caregiving KW - chronic illness management KW - data work KW - diabetes KW - diy health KW - emotion work KW - health KW - health and wellness KW - health informatics KW - healthcare technology KW - personal data KW - personal health informatics KW - remote monitoring KW - self-tracking AB -

Designing systems to support the social context of personal data is a topic of importance in CSCW, particularly in the area of health and wellness. The relational complexities and psychological consequences of living with health data, however, are still emerging. Drawing on a 12+ month ethnography and corroborating survey data, we detail the experiences of parents using Nightscout--an open source, DIY system for remotely monitoring blood glucose data-with their children who have type one diabetes. Managing diabetes with Nightscout is a deeply relational and (at times) contested activity for parent-caregivers, whose practices reveal the tensions and vulnerabilities of caregiving work enacted through data. As engagement with personal data becomes an increasingly powerful way people experience life, our findings call for alternative data narratives that reflect a multiplicity of emotional concerns and social arrangements. We propose the analytic lens of caring-through-data as a way forward.

JF - Proceedings of the 2017 ACM Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing (CSCW'17) UR - Complete ER - TY - CONF T1 - Kurator: Using The Crowd to Help Families With Personal Curation Tasks T2 - Proceedings of the 2017 ACM Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing Y1 - 2017 A1 - Merritt, David A1 - Jones, Jasmine A1 - Ackerman, Mark S. A1 - Lasecki, Walter S. KW - crowdsourcing KW - curation KW - digital audio KW - digital curation KW - hybrid intelligence KW - mixed-expertise KW - personal curation AB -

People capture photos, audio recordings, video, and more on a daily basis, but organizing all these digital artifacts quickly becomes a daunting task. Automated solutions struggle to help us manage this data because they cannot understand its meaning. In this paper, we introduce Kurator, a hybrid intelligence system leveraging mixed-expertise crowds to help families curate their personal digital content. Kurator produces a refined set of content via a combination of automated systems able to scale to large data sets and human crowds able to understand the data. Our results with 5 families show that Kurator can reduce the amount of effort needed to find meaningful memories within a large collection. This work also suggests that crowdsourcing can be used effectively even in domains where personal preference is key to accurately solving the task.

JF - Proceedings of the 2017 ACM Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing UR - Complete ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Expertise Finding: A Socio-Technical Design Space Analysis T2 - Expertise, Communication, and Organizing Y1 - 2016 A1 - Merritt, David A1 - Hung, Pei-Yao A1 - Mark S. Ackerman ED - Treem, Jeffrey W. ED - Leonardi, Paul M. KW - expertise finding JF - Expertise, Communication, and Organizing PB - Oxford University CY - New York UR - MISSING_URL_ABSTRACT ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Soylent: A Word Processor with a Crowd Inside JF - Commun. ACM Y1 - 2015 A1 - Michael S. Bernstein A1 - Little, Greg A1 - Miller, Robert C. A1 - Hartmann, Björn A1 - Mark S. Ackerman A1 - David R. Karger A1 - Crowell, David A1 - Panovich, Katrina KW - crowdsourcing AB -

This paper introduces architectural and interaction patterns for integrating crowdsourced human contributions directly into user interfaces. We focus on writing and editing, complex endeavors that span many levels of conceptual and pragmatic activity. Authoring tools offer help with pragmatics, but for higher-level help, writers commonly turn to other people. We thus present Soylent, a word processing interface that enables writers to call on Mechanical Turk workers to shorten, proofread, and otherwise edit parts of their documents on demand. To improve worker quality, we introduce the Find-Fix-Verify crowd programming pattern, which splits tasks into a series of generation and review stages. Evaluation studies demonstrate the feasibility of crowdsourced editing and investigate questions of reliability, cost, wait time, and work time for edits.

VL - 58 UR - Complete-OnlyDOI ER - TY - CONF T1 - The Way I Talk to You: Sentiment Expression in an Organizational Context T2 - ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI’12) Y1 - 2012 A1 - Jiang Yang A1 - Lada A. Adamic A1 - Mark S. Ackerman A1 - Wen, Zhen A1 - Lin, Ching-Yung KW - CMC KW - collaborative help KW - online communities AB -

Sentiment is a rich and important dimension of social interaction. However, its presence in computer-mediated communication in corporate settings is not well understood. This paper provides a preliminary study of people’s expression of sentiment in email conversations in an organizational context. The study reveals that sentiment levels evolve over time during the process of newcomers’ socialization, that sentiment varies according to tie-strength with the recipient, and that sentiment patterns can be indicative of one’s position in the corporate social network as well as job performance. These findings shed light on the complex and dynamic nature of sentiment patterns, and would inspire further explorations and applications of sentiment analysis in organizations.

JF - ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI’12) UR - Complete ER - TY - CONF T1 - Collaborating Globally: Culture and Organizational Computer-Mediated Communications T2 - Proceedings of the International Conference on Information Systems (ICIS 2011) Y1 - 2011 A1 - Jiang Yang A1 - Wen, Zhen A1 - Lada A. Adamic A1 - Mark S. Ackerman A1 - Lin, Ching-Yung KW - calendaring KW - computer-mediated communication (CMC) KW - cultural studies KW - Instant Messaging (IM) KW - organizational communication KW - sentiment analysis KW - social interaction KW - social networks AB -

Culture shapes interpersonal communication. However, little is known about how culture interacts with computer-mediated communication (CMC) tools in a business context. We present a large-scale empirical study of cultural differences in computer mediated social interactions in a global company. Our dataset includes 9,000 volunteer users and more than 20 million records of their email and Instant Messaging conversations. We compared social network characteristics, preferences for CMC tools, and expression of sentiment across employees working in seven countries. Significant differences emerged and the patterns are consistent with the inherent cultural characteristics as suggested by cultural theories. In addition, we uncover the complex manner in which culture interacts with preference and use of different communication mediums. The existence of pervasive and complex cultural differences, points to the need to understand and account for such differences in designing cross-cultural collaborative systems.

JF - Proceedings of the International Conference on Information Systems (ICIS 2011) UR - Complete ER - TY - CONF T1 - Rating Friends Without Making Enemies T2 - Proceedings of the Fifth International AAAI Conference on Weblogs and Social Media Y1 - 2011 A1 - Lada A. Adamic A1 - Lauterbach, Debra A1 - Teng, CY A1 - Mark S. Ackerman KW - couch surfing KW - e-communities KW - friends KW - online communities KW - rating systems KW - trust AB -

As online social networks expand their role beyond maintaining existing relationships, they may look to more faceted ratings to support the formation of new connections between their users. Our study focuses on one community employing faceted ratings, CouchSurfing.org, and combines data analysis of ratings, a large-scale survey, and in-depth interviews. In order to understand the ratings, we revisit the notions of friendship and trust and uncover an asymmetry: close friendship includes trust, but high levels of trust can be achieved without close friendship. To users, providing faceted ratings presents challenges, including differentiating and quantifying inherently subjective feelings such as friendship and trust, concern over a friend’s reaction to a rating, and knowledge of how ratings can affect others’ reputations. One consequence of these issues is the near absence of negative feedback, even though a small portion of actual experiences and privately held ratings are negative. We show how users take this into account when formulating and interpreting ratings, and discuss designs that could encourage more balanced feedback.

JF - Proceedings of the Fifth International AAAI Conference on Weblogs and Social Media UR - Complete ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Beyond Boundary Objects: Collaborative Reuse in Aircraft Technical Support JF - Computer Supported Cooperative Work: The Journal of Collaborative Computing Y1 - 2007 A1 - Wayne G Lutters A1 - Mark S. Ackerman KW - boundary objects KW - collaborative work KW - expertise sharing KW - high reliability organizations KW - hotlines KW - information reuse KW - knowledge sharing KW - organizational memory KW - safety KW - service engineering KW - technical support AB -

Boundary objects are a critical, but understudied, theoretical construct in CSCW. Through a field study of aircraft technical support, we examined the role of boundary objects in the practical achievement of safety by service engineers. Their resolution of repair requests was preserved in the organization’s memory via three compound boundary objects. These crystallizations did not manifest a static interpretation, but instead were continually reinterpreted in light of meta-negotiations. This suggests design implications for organizational memory systems which can more fluidly represent the meta-negotiations surrounding boundary objects.

VL - 16 UR - Complete IS - 3 ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Group information management T2 - Personal Information Management Y1 - 2006 A1 - Wayne G Lutters A1 - Mark S. Ackerman A1 - Xiaomu Zhou ED - Jones, William P. ED - Jaime Teevan KW - group information KW - personal information management AB -

 

 

Activities of PIM are often embedded in group or organizational contexts. To work effectively within a group, an individual must manage information not only for his or her personal use but also to share with other members of the group. Obviously, one would like to leverage the activities of others around. Being able to obtain telephone numbers, schedule group meetings, determine the availability of one’s peers, and obtain important collaborative information is invaluable. What are the issues, if any, in leveraging the work of others, in order to incorporate their calendar, contacts, and other information into one’s own PIM system? And what would be involved in sharing one’s own data for use by others? 

This chapter reviews the host of issues involved in the collaborative use of personal information. Topics covered include motivation, adoption patterns, interaction styles, control over personal information, privacy, and trust. The goal is to facilitate sharing personal information by considering these issues; fully considered, they can enable the cooperative adoption and use of tools to support group information management (GIM). 

JF - Personal Information Management PB - University of Washington Press CY - Seattle, WA UR - Complete ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Joining the backstage: locality and centrality in an online community JF - Information Technology & People Y1 - 2003 A1 - Lutters, Wayne G A1 - Ackerman, Mark S KW - dialup KW - e-community KW - fan community KW - geographically co-located community KW - online community KW - virtual community KW - webboard AB - The design of viable, small‐scale community spaces on the Net is often a hit‐or‐miss affair. To better understand promising approaches in this design space, it is necessary to go back in time to examine an earlier community technology. A field study is presented of The Castle, a dial‐up bulletin board system, that focuses on Disneyland. As a “gathering place for Disney enthusiasts”, The Castle is a fascinating, albeit eccentric, online community. The Castle's centrality in the fans’ interest network allows it to function as a collecting point. Here people find similar enthusiasts and even those with insider knowledge. Yet, because of the cost structure of dial‐up access (an accidental side‐effect of the technology), participants are overwhelmingly geographically local, which has useful consequences for social maintenance. It is argued that the geographical locality and centrality of interest allow The Castle to thrive. Most importantly, however, the combination of the two together creates a powerful social dynamic which has been lost in most contemporary online communities.

VL - 16 UR - Complete ER - TY - CONF T1 - Achieving Safety: A Field Study of Boundary Objects in Aircraft Technical Support T2 - Proceedings of the 2002 ACM Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW'02) Y1 - 2002 A1 - Lutters, Wayne G. A1 - Mark S. Ackerman KW - boundary objects KW - collaborative work KW - expertise sharing KW - high reliability organizations KW - hotlines KW - information reuse KW - knowledge sharing KW - organizational memory KW - safety KW - service engineering KW - technical support AB -

Boundary objects are a critical, but understudied, theoretical construct in CSCW. Through a field study of aircraft technical support, we examined the role of boundary objects in the “achievement of safety” by service engineers. The resolution process of repair requests was captured in two compound boundary objects. These crystallizations did not manifest a static interpretation, but instead were continually reinterpreted in light of meta-negotiations. This suggests design implications for organizational memory systems which can more fluidly represent the meta-negotiations surrounding boundary objects.

JF - Proceedings of the 2002 ACM Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW'02) UR - Complete ER -