<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="6.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>47</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Eric Cook</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Stephanie D. Teasley</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mark S. Ackerman</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Contribution, Commercialization &amp; Audience:  Understanding Participation in an Online Creative Community</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ACM Group 2009</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">online communities</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">social computing</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2009</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.eecs.umich.edu/~ackerm/pub/09b53/cook-group09-creative.final.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">41-50</style></pages><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This paper presents a qualitative study of attitudes towards participation and contribution in an online creative community. The setting of the work is an online community of practice focused on the use and development of a user-customizable music software package called Reaktor. Findings from the study highlight four emergent topics in the discourse related to user contributions to the community: contribution assessment, support for learning, perceptions of audience and tensions about commercialization. Our analysis of these topics frames discussion about the value and challenges of attending to amateur and professional users in online creative communities.

</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="6.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>47</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Xiaomu Zhou</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mark S. Ackerman</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kai Zheng</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">I just don't know why it's gone:  Maintaining Informal Information Use in Inpatient Care</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI'09)</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">information access</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2009</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.eecs.umich.edu/~ackerm/pub/09b52/chi2009-nursingpaper0560.final.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2061-2070</style></pages><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">We conducted a field-based study examining informal nursing information. We examined the use of this information before and after the adoption of a CPOE (Computerized Provider Order Entry) system in an inpatient unit of a large teaching hospital. Before CPOE adoption, nurses used paper working documents to detail psycho-social information about patients; after the CPOE adoption, they did not use paper or digital notes as was planned. The paper describes this process and analyses how several interlocked reasons contributed to the loss of this information in written form. We found that a change in physical location, sufficient convenience, visibility of the information, and permanency of information account for some, but not all, of the outcome. As well, we found that computerization of the nursing data led to a shift in the politics of the information itself - the nurses no longer had a cohesive agreement about the kinds of data to enter into the system. The findings address the requirements of healthcare computerization to support both formal and informal work practices, respecting the nature of nursing work and the politics of information inherent in complex medical work.

</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="6.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>47</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kevin Nam</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mark S. Ackerman</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lada A. Adamic</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Questions in, Knowledge iN? A study of Naver's Question Answering Community</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI'09)</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">collective help</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">expertise finding</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">information access</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">online communities</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">social computing</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2009</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.eecs.umich.edu/~ackerm/pub/09b51/chi09-naver.final.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">779-788</style></pages><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Large general-purposed community question-answering sites are becoming popular as a new venue for generating knowledge and helping users in their information needs. In this paper we analyze the characteristics of knowledge generation and user participation behavior in the largest question-answering online community in South Korea, Naver Knowledge-iN. We collected and analyzed over 2.6 million question/answer pairs from fifteen categories between 2002 and 2007, and have interviewed twenty six users to gain insights into their motivations,roles, usage and expertise. We find altruism, learning, and competency are frequent motivations for top answerers to participate, but that participation is often highly intermittent. Using a simple measure of user performance, we find that higher levels of participation correlate with better performance. We also observe that users are motivated in part through a point system to build a comprehensive knowledge database. These and other insights have significant implications for future knowledge generating online communities.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="6.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>47</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ben Congleton</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jackie Cerretani Frank</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mark W. Newman</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mark S. Ackerman</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sharing Map Annotations in Small Groups:  X Marks the Spot</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Interact 2009</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pervasive &amp; privacy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pervasive environments</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ubicomp</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2009</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.eecs.umich.edu/~ackerm/pub/09b54/congleton-interact-2009.final.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Advances in location-sensing technology, coupled with an increasingly pervasive wireless Internet, have made it possible (and increasingly easy) to access and share information with context of one’s geospatial location. We conducted a four-phase study, with 27 students, to explore the practices surrounding the creation, interpretation and sharing of map annotations in specific social contexts. We found that annotation authors consider multiple factors when deciding how to annotate maps, including the perceived utility to the audience and how their contributions will reflect on the image they project to others. Consumers of annotations value the novelty of information, but must be convinced of the author’s credibility. In this paper we describe our study, present the results, and discuss implications for the design of software for sharing map annotations. </style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="6.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>47</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jiang Yang</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lada A. Adamic</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mark S. Ackerman</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Competing to Share Expertise: the Taskcn Knowledge Sharing Community</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">International Conference on Weblogs and Social Media (ICWSM)</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">online communities</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.eecs.umich.edu/~ackerm/pub/08b47/YangICWSM2008TaskCn.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA&quot;&gt;&amp;quot;Witkeys&amp;quot; are websites in China that form a rapidly growing web-based knowledge market. A user who posts a task also offers a small fee, and many other users submit their answers to compete. The Witkey sites fall in-between aspects of the now-defunct Google Answers (vetted experts answer questions for a fee) and Yahoo Answers (anyone can answer or ask a question). As such, these sites promise new possibilities for knowledge-sharing online communities, perhaps fostering the freelance marketplace of the future. In this paper, we investigate one of the biggest Witkey websites in China, Taskcn.com. In particular, we apply social network prestige measures to a novel construction of user and task networks based on competitive outcomes to discover the underlying properties of both users and tasks. Our results demonstrate the power of this approach: Our analysis allows us to infer relative expertise of the users and provides an understanding of the participation structure in Taskcn. The results suggest challenges and opportunities for this kind of knowledge sharing medium.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="6.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>47</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jiang Yang</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lada A. Adamic</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mark S. Ackerman</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Crowdsourcing and Knowledge Sharing: Strategic User Behavior on Taskcn</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ACM Conference on Electronic Commerce (EC'08)</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008</style></year></dates><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">246-255</style></pages><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Witkeys are a thriving type of web-based knowledge sharing market in China, supporting a form of crowdsourcing. In a Witkey site, users offer a small award for a solution to a task, and other users compete to have their solution selected.

In this paper, we examine the behavior of users on one of the biggest Witkey websites in China, Taskcn.com. On Taskcn, we observed several characteristics in users' activity over time. Most users become inactive after only a few submissions. Others keep attempting tasks. Over time, users tend to select tasks where they are competing against fewer opponents to increase their chances of winning. They will also, perhaps counterproductively, select tasks with higher expected rewards. Yet, on average, they do not increase their chances of winning, and in some categories of tasks, their chances actually decrease. This does not paint the full picture, however, because there is a very small core of successful users who manage not only to win multiple tasks, but to increase their win-to-submission ratio over time. This core group proposes nearly 20% of the winning solutions on the site. The patterns we observe on Taskcn, we believe, hold clues to the future of crowdsourcing and freelance marketplaces, and raise interesting design implications for such sites.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="6.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>47</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lada A. Adamic</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jun Zhang</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Eytan Bakshy</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mark S. Ackerman</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Knowledge Sharing and Yahoo Answers:  Everyone Knows Something</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">WWW'08 Conference</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">collective help</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">collective help applications</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">collective intelligence</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">online communities</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.eecs.umich.edu/~ackerm/pub/08b48/yahoo-answers.www08.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA&quot;&gt;Yahoo Answers (YA) is a large and diverse question-answer forum, acting not only as a medium for sharing technical knowledge, but as a place where one can seek advice, gather opinions, and satisfy one's curiosity about a countless number of things. In this paper, we seek to understand YA's knowledge sharing activity. We analyze the forum categories and cluster them according to content characteristics and patterns of interaction among the users. While interactions in some categories resemble expertise sharing forums, others incorporate discussion, everyday advice, and support. With such a diversity of categories in which one can participate, we _nd that some users focus narrowly on speci_c topics, while others participate across categories. This not only allows us to map related categories, but to characterize the entropy of the users' interests. We _nd that lower entropy correlates with receiving higher answer ratings, but only for categories where factual expertise is primarily sought after. We combine both user attributes and answer characteristics to predict, within a given category, whether a particular answer will be chosen as the best answer by the asker.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="6.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>47</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ben Congleton</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mark S. Ackerman</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mark W. Newman</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The ProD Framework for Proactive Displays</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ACM Conference on User Interface Systems and Technology (UIST'08)</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008</style></year></dates><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">221-230</style></pages><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A proactive display is an application that selects content to display based on the set of users who have been detected nearby. For example, the Ticket2Talk proactive display application presented content for users so that other people would know something about them.

It is our view that promising patterns for proactive display applications have been discovered, and now we face the need for frameworks to support the range of applications that are possible in this design space.

In this paper, we present the Proactive Display (ProD) Framework, which allows for the easy construction of proactive display applications. It allows a range of proactive display applications, including ones already in the literature. ProD also enlarges the design space of proactive display systems by allowing a variety of new applications that incorporate different views of social life and community.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="6.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Barbara Mirel</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ellen Barton</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mark S. Ackerman</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Researching Telemedicine: Capturing Complex Clinical Interactions with a Simple Interface Design</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Technical Communications Quarterly</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">17</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">358-378</style></pages><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="6.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>47</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kevin K. Nam</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mark S. Ackerman</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Arkose: Reusing Informal Information in Online Communities</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ACM Group 2007 Conference</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Arkose</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">collective help applications</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">design rationale</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">iDiag</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">information access</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">information distillation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">information reuse</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">knowledge management</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">online communities</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.eecs.umich.edu/~ackerm/pub/07b46/group260-nam.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">137-146</style></pages><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Online discussions such as a large-scale community brainstorming often end up with an unorganized bramble of ideas and topics that are difficult to reuse. A process of &lt;em&gt;distillation&lt;/em&gt; is needed to boil down a large information space into information that is concise and organized. We take a system-augmented approach to the problem by creating a set of tools with which human editors can collaboratively distill a large amount of informal information.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Two design principles, which we will define as incremental diagenesis and incremental summarization, help editors flexibly distill the informal information. Our system, Arkose, is built as a demonstration of these principles, providing the necessary tools for distillation. These tools include a number of visualization and information retrieval mechanisms, as well as an authoring tool and a navigator for the information space. They support a gradual increase in the order and reusability of the information space and allow various levels of intermediate states of a distillation.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract></record></records></xml>